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Kiss - Wikipedia"Kissing" redirects here. For the municipality in Germany, see Kissing, Bavaria. A kiss is the touch or pressing of one's lips against another person or an object. Cultural connotations of kissing vary widely. Depending on the culture and context, a kiss can express sentiments of love, passion, romance, sexual attraction, sexual activity, sexual arousal, affection, respect, greeting, friendship, peace, and good luck, among many others. Watch Burlesque Hindi Full Movie. In some situations, a kiss is a ritual, formal or symbolic gesture indicating devotion, respect, or sacrament. The word came from Old Englishcyssan ("to kiss"), in turn from coss ("a kiss").

Official site of The CW Television Network, featuring Riverdale, Dynasty, Valor, Supergirl, The Flash, Jane The Virgin, iZombie, Arrow, Supernatural, The Originals. A kiss is the touch or pressing of one's lips against another person or an object. Cultural connotations of kissing vary widely. Depending on the culture and context.

History[edit]Anthropologists are divided into two schools on the origins of kissing, one believing that it is instinctual and intuitive and the other that it evolved from what is known as kiss feeding, a process used by mothers to feed their infants by passing chewed food to their babies' mouths.[1]Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist, physician and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology, supported this idea.[2]The earliest reference to kissing- like behavior comes from the Vedas, Sanskrit scriptures that informed Hinduism,[3]Buddhism and Jainism, around 3,5. Vaughn Bryant, an anthropologist at Texas A& M University who specializes in the history of the kiss.[4]Both lip and tongue kissing are mentioned in Sumerian poetry: [5]My lips are too small, they know not to kiss.

My precious sweet, lying by my heart,one by one "tonguemaking," one by one. When my sweet precious, my heart, had lain down too,each of them in turn kissing with the tongue, each in turn.[6]Kissing is described in the surviving ancient Egyptian love poetry from the New Kingdom, found on papyri excavated at Deir el- Medina: Finally I will drink life from your lipsand wake up from this ever lasting sleep. The wisdom of the earth in a kissand everything else in your eyes. I kiss her before everyonethat they all may see my love.[7]And when her lips are pressed to mine. I am made drunk and need not wine. When we kiss, and her warm lips half open,I fly cloud- high without beer! His kisses on my lips, my breast, my hair...

Come! Come! Come! And kiss me when I die,For life, compelling life, is in thy breath; And at that kiss, though in the tomb I lie,I will arise and break the bands of Death.[8]The earliest reference to kissing in the Old Testament is in Genesis 2. Jacob deceives his father to obtain his blessing: And his father Isaac said unto him, Come near now, and kiss me, my son. Genesis 2. 9: 1. 1 features the first man- woman kiss in the Bible, when Jacob flees from Esau and goes to the house of his uncle Laban: And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. Much later, there is the oft- quoted verse from the Song of Songs: May he kiss me with the kisses of his mouth,for your love is better than wine.[9][1. In Cyropaedia (3.

BC), Xenophon wrote about the Persian custom of kissing in the lips upon departure while narrating the departure of Cyrus the Great (c. BC) as a boy from his Median kinsmen.[1. According to Herodotus (5th century BC), when two Persians meet, the greeting formula expresses their equal or inequal status. They do not speak; rather, equals kiss each other on the mouth, and in the case where one is a little inferior to the other, the kiss is given on the cheek.[1. During the later Classical period, affectionate mouth- to- mouth kissing was first described in the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata. Academics who have studied it say kissing spread slowly to other parts of the world after Alexander the Great and his army conquered parts of Punjab in northern India in 3. BC.[1. 4]The Romans helped to spread the habit to most of Europe and north Africa.[1.

The Romans were passionate about kissing and talked about several types of kissing. Kissing the hand or cheek was called an osculum. Kissing on the lips with mouth closed was called a basium, which was used between relatives. A kiss of passion was called a suavium.[1. Kissing was not always an indication of eros, or love, but also could show respect and rank as it was used in Medieval Europe. The study of kissing started sometime in the nineteenth century and is called Philematology, which has been studied by people including Cesare Lombroso, Ernest Crawley, Charles Darwin, Edward Burnett Tylor and modern scholars such as Elaine Hatfield.[1. Kristoffer Nyrop identified a number of types of kisses, including kisses of love, affection, peace, respect and friendship.

He notes, however, that the categories are somewhat contrived and overlapping, and some cultures have more kinds, including the French with twenty and the Germans with thirty.[1. Expression of affection[edit]Kissing another person's lips has become a common expression of affection or warm greeting in many cultures worldwide. Yet in certain cultures, kissing was introduced only through European settlement, before which it was not a routine occurrence. Such cultures include certain indigenous peoples of Australia, the Tahitians, and many tribes in Africa.[2. A kiss can also be used to express feelings without an erotic element but can be nonetheless "far deeper and more lasting", writes Nyrop. He adds that such kisses can be expressive of love "in the widest and most comprehensive meaning of the word, bringing a message of loyal affection, gratitude, compassion, sympathy, intense joy, and profound sorrow."[1.

Nyrop writes that the most common example is the "intense feeling which knits parents to their offspring", but he adds that kisses of affection are not only common between parents and children, but also between other members of the same family, which can include those outside the immediate family circle, "everywhere where deep affection unites people."[1. The tradition is written of in the Bible, as when Orpah kissed her mother- in- law and when Moses went to meet his father- in- law, he "did obeisance, and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent" (Exodus 1. Jacob had wrestled with the Lord he met Esau, ran towards him, fell on his neck and kissed him. The family kiss was traditional with the Romans and kisses of affection are often mentioned by the early Greeks, as when Odysseus, on reaching his home, meets his faithful shepherds.[1. Affection can be a cause of kissing "in all ages in grave and solemn moments," notes Nyrop, "not only among those who love each other, but also as an expression of profound gratitude. When the Apostle Paul took leave of the elders of the congregation at Ephesus, "they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck and kissed him" (Acts 2. Kisses can also be exchanged between total strangers, as when there is a profound sympathy with or the warmest interest in another person.[1.

Folk poetry has been the source of affectionate kisses where they sometimes played an important part, as when they had the power to cast off spells or to break bonds of witchcraft and sorcery, often restoring a man to his original shape. Nyrop notes the poetical stories of the "redeeming power of the kiss are to be found in the literature of many countries, especially, for example, in the Old French Arthurian romances (Lancelot, Guiglain, Tirant le blanc) in which the princess is changed by evil arts into a dreadful dragon, and can only resume her human shape in the case of a knight being brave enough to kiss her." In the reverse situation, in the tale of "Beauty and the Beast", a transformed prince then told the girl that he had been bewitched by a wicked fairy, and could not be recreated into a man unless a maid fell in love with him and kissed him, despite his ugliness.[1. A kiss of affection can also take place after death.